Why AI will create an employment crisis in Latin America and how to address it?

Authors

  • Sebastián Andrés García Marengo Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61249/pi.vi134.91

Keywords:

AI, Robotics, Job Crisis, Employment, Future

Abstract

AI is an enabler of multiple industries which could help us to produce an unprecedented level of wealth. However, by performing various tasks more efficiently than humans and without demanding labor rights, AI will replace a huge number of jobs and generate an employment crisis in the medium term. This crisis will be especially important in Latin America due to the structural conditions of the region's labor market. Additionally, the advancement of AI will create unprecedented inequality, because companies in this field tend toward monopoly. Criteria and lines of action are proposed for Latin American governments to prepare for the coming wave.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Sebastián Andrés García Marengo, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores

First Secretary SDR, currently working as an advisor in the General Directorate for Cultural Affairs and in charge of the UNESCO Department within the Cultural Policy Directorate. He was a consul assigned in Seville and Madrid, Spain. In 2021, he published the book "El bufón de arrellana en el trono. Verdad, posverdad y democracia." He holds a degree in Linguistics and Literature from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, a Master's in Diplomacy and International Relations from the Diplomatic Academy of Peru, and a Master's in Political Action from Francisco de Vitoria University (Spain).

References

BBC News Mundo. (5 de julio de 2018). Los tres países con menos desempleo en América Latina (y por qué no es necesariamente una buena señal. https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-44662399

Boniface, P. (2019). Géopolitique de l’intelligence artificielle. Editions Eyrolles.

Canal Intelligence Squared. (28 de octubre de 2021) Can we Fix Capitalism? Yanis Varoufakis vs Gillian Tett. [Archivo de vídeo]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gv6130kSzEY

Canal Yuval Noah Harari. (17 de septiembre de 2023). Mustafa Suleyman & Yuval Noah Harari- FULL DEBATE – What does the AI revolution mean for our future? [Archivo de vídeo]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JkPWHr7sTY

CNBC. (19 de septiembre de 2023). Nearly half of CEOs believe AI could replace their own jobs, says new poll- and 47% say that’s a good thing. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/19/nearly-half-of-ceos-believe-ai-could-replace-their-own-jobs-poll.html

CNBC (22 de septiembre de 2023). AI is going to drive a new globalization: Ian Bremmer. https://www.cnbc.com/video/2023/09/22/ai-is-going-to-drive-a-new-globalization-a-ian-bremmer.html

Delaney, K. (17 de febrero de 2017). The robot that takes your job should pay taxes, says Bill Gates. Quartz. https://qz.com/911968/bill-gates-the-robot-that-takes-your-job-should-pay-taxes

Frey, C. & Osborne, M. (1° de septiembre de 2013). The Future of Employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation. Oxford Martin School. University of Oxford. Recuperado el 23 noviembre de 2023 de https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/publications/the-future-of-employment/

Harari, Y. (2017). Homo Deus. A Brief History of Tomorrow. Harper Collins.

Kessler, S. (10 de junio de 2023). The A.I. Revolution Will Change Work. Nobody Agrees How. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/10/business/ai-jobs-work.html

Kissinger, H., Schmidt, E. & Huttenlocher, D. (2022). The Age of the IA. And our Human Future. Back Bay Books.

Lee, K. (2020). Superpotencias de la inteligencia artificial. China, Silicon Valley y el Nuevo Orden Mundial. Deusto.

Lee, K. & Qiufan, C. (2021). AI 2041. Ten Visions for our Future. Currency.

McGlauflin, P. & Abrams, J. (6 de noviembre de 2023). Elon Musk says AI Will remove need for jobs and create ‘universal high income’. But workers don’t want to wait for robots to get financial relief. Fortune. https://fortune.com/2023/11/06/elon-musk-ai-artificial-intelligence-universal-income-jobs/

Merino, M. (17 de enero de 2019). El hotel japonés que contrató cientos de robos “despide” a más de la mitad y da trabajo a humanos. Xataca. https://www.xataka.com/inteligencia-artificial/famoso-hotel-japones-despide-inutiles-a-cientos-robots-deja-su-trabajo-manos-humanas

Noticias ONU. (7 de febrero de 2023). El desempleo baja en América Latina pero la incertidumbre perdura en los mercados de trabajo. Naciones Unidas. Recuperado el dia mes año de https://news.un.org/es/story/2023/02/1518417

Oppenheimer, A. (2018). ¡Sálvese quien pueda! El futuro del trabajo en la era de la automatización. Debate.

Qiufan C. (2019). Waste Tide. Ken Liu (Trad). Tom Doherty Associates.

Schwab, K. (2018). Shaping the Future of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Currency.

Suleyman, M. (2023). The Coming Wave. Technology, Power and the 21st Greatest Dilemma. Crown.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-19

How to Cite

García Marengo, S. A. (2023). Why AI will create an employment crisis in Latin America and how to address it?. International Politics, (134), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.61249/pi.vi134.91

Issue

No. 134 (2023): Artificial Intelligence (AI) and International Relations: Challenges, Opportunities and the Conducting of Foreign Policy

Section

Artículos

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Sebastián Andrés García Marengo

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.