Science, technology and science parks research: a literature review from the international perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61249/pi.vi130.30Keywords:
science, technology and research parks, regional innovation policy, new technology-based firms, academic-industry relations, economic development, literature reviewAbstract
In a complex and uncertain world characterized by multiple ongoing phenomena, many countries have opted for a renewed impulse to science, technology and innovation policies. At the subnational level, they have been implementing science, technology and research parks (STPs) mainly in regions like North America, Western Europe and East Asia. Although the stakeholders, who make possible the functioning of STPs, largely determine the objectives pursued, it has been noted that these parks generally seek to achieve three objectives, such as: i) the promotion of new technologybased firms; ii) the technological transfer between academia and industry, and; iii) the contribution to the local and national economic growth. In addition, there is no universally accepted definition of what a STP is and the various proposed classifications reflect attempts to elucidate when and under what circumstances parks are effective for tenant companies and regional economic development. With respect to the lessons learned from STPs, there have been at least seven, from which we could mention some that stand out such as the nonexistence of a single park model, the need for a longterm vision, the importance of leadership in the park administration and the need for continuous public financing with private participation. Finally, there is a certain consensus in the literature reviewed to consider STPs as part of a set of regional innovation policy tools whose mission is to promote the economic, social and technological development of the countries.
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