Foreign Investment in Artificial Intelligence for Security in Peru: An Analysis from APEC 2024

Authors

  • Diego Sebastián Sánchez Chumpitaz Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0828-6782
  • Grecia Linda Asmat Caro Investigador independiente

Keywords:

APEC, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), national security, international security, Peru, economic corporation, emerging technology, security challenges, Asia-Pacific.

Abstract

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), established in 1989, has been a key pillar for economic growth and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. Since joining APEC in 1998, Peru has leveraged this platform to restore its international standing following a period of political instability. This article examines how APEC 2024, with Peru as the host country, can boost foreign direct investment (FDI) through the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance national security. It critically analyses the security challenges impacting FDI and how AI-driven solutions can create a safer and more attractive environment for investment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Diego Sebastián Sánchez Chumpitaz, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola

Professional in International Relations with experience in conflict resolution, negotiation, and project management. Master’s degree in International Relations from Beijing Foreign Studies University (People’s Republic of China) and graduate of the Master’s in Conflict Resolution from USMP. Erasmus+ scholar at Sabancı University. Expert in higher education, project leadership, and process design, with application of ISO9001 and ISO21001 standards. Proficient in more than six languages with a focus on international cooperation. I have led the creation of academic programs and the optimization of public and administrative processes.

Grecia Linda Asmat Caro, Investigador independiente

Lawyer from the University of Piura, with a specialization in International Relations from the Foundation of the Diplomatic Academy of Peru. Her academic profile is complemented by a diploma in Public Policy Design and another in Peruvian Foreign Policy and Public Diplomacy. Her international experience includes participation in the Global Opportunities Chile & APEC program at the University of the Andes, Chile.

 

References

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. (2024). Digital Week SOM1: Artificial Intelligence as a Tool for Economic Growth. APEC Secretariat.

Bitar, S. (2023). The complexities of Peru's mining sector: A decade of challenges. Inter-American Dialogue.

Bryson, J. J. (2018). Patiency is not a virtue: The design of intelligent systems and systems of ethics. Ethics and Information Technology. Springer, XX(I), 15-26.

Busse, M., & Hefeker, C. (2007). Political Risk, Institutions, and Foreign Direct Investment. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 397-415. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.02.003

Chertoff, M. (2018). Explaining Predictive Policing and Its Impact on Civil Liberties. Brookings Institution Press.

Constitución Política del Perú. Artículo II, inciso 6.

Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos (Pacto de San José), noviembre, 1969. https://www.oas.org/dil/esp/1969_Convenci%C3%B3n_Americana_sobre_Derechos_Humanos.pdf

Creemers, R. (2021). China’s Social Credit System: An Evolving Practice of Control. SSRN. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3463896

Cyber Security and Information Systems Information Analysis Center. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity: How Substituting and Scaling Impact Investment Returns.

Dammert, L. (2012). Inseguridad en el Perú: Percepciones, Retos y Políticas Públicas. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.

Davis, R., & Franks, D. (2014). Costs of company-community conflict in the extractive sector. (66, Ed.) Harvard Kennedy School Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative Report, 1-25.

Diplomat Magazine. (2021, 2 de mayo). Diplomacy and the Concept of National Security. https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2021/05/02/diplomacy-and-the-concept-of-national-security/

Drysdale, P. (2007). International Economic Pluralism: Economic Policy in East Asia and the Pacific. Columbia University Press.

Feldstein, S. (2020). The global expansion of AI surveillance. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1-30.

Geist, E. (2019). It’s already too late to stop the AI arms race—We must manage it instead. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. LXXV(3), 126-134.

Gerstein, D. M., & Leidy, E. N. (2024, 2 de abril). Emerging Technology and Risk Analysis: Artificial Intelligence and Critical Infrastructure. (Research Report). RAND Corporation. doi:https://doi.org/10.7249/RR-A2873-1

Gilpin, R. (2001). Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order. Princeton University Press.

Goh, J. (2021). Artificial Intelligence and Security in Singapore: Enhancing the Rule of Law. Journal of International Affairs, 73, 34-56. https://doi.org/10.2307/48609845

Hasnat, B. (2015). US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment. Thunderbird International Business Review, LVIII(3), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21698

Henisz, W. J. (2000). The institutional environment for multinational investment. The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, XVI(2), 334–364. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/16.2.334

Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. (2023). Encuesta Nacional de Hogares sobre Condiciones de Vida y Pobreza.

Jensen, N. (2008). Nation-States and the Multinational Corporation: A Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment. Princeton University Press.

Korinek, A., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2017). Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications for Income Distribution and Unemployment. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w24174

Kurtz, M. J. (2004). Free Market Democracy and the Chilean and Mexican Countryside. Cambridge University Press.

Levitsky, S., & Cameron, M. A. (2003). Democracy Without Parties? Political Parties and Regime Change in Fujimori’s Peru. Latin American Politics and Society, XLV(3), 1-33. doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2003.tb00239.x

Mearsheimer, J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. University of Chicago Press.

Meunier, S., & Nicolaidis, K. (2019). The Geopoliticization of European Trade and Investment Policy. Journal of Common Market Studies, 57, 103-113. doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12932

Moser, C. (2016). Crime, Fear, and Poverty in Latin America: Urban Violence in a Global Perspective. Routledge.

Myers, M. (2023). Chinese mining companies and local communities: Challenges in Peru. Inter-American Dialogue.

Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos. 1966. https://www.ohchr.org/es/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights

Peralta, M. A., & Lopez, J. M. (2021). Political instability and trust in government institutions: The case of Latin America. Journal of Latin American Politics, XLIII(II), 65-80.

Ravenhill, J. (2002). APEC and the Construction of Pacific Rim Regionalism. Cambridge University Press.

Reglamento (UE) 2016/679 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo relativo a la protección de las personas físicas en lo que respecta al tratamiento de datos personales y a la libre circulación de estos datos (2016) https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2016-80807

Schmidt, E., & Cohen, J. (2020). The age of AI and our human future (Vol. XCIX). Council on Foreign Relations.

Sheng, L. (2012). Economic Security and Regional Cooperation: APEC's Role in Global Stability. China Social Sciences Press.

Singer, P. W., & Friedman, A. (2014). Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press.

Sociedad de Comercio Exterior del Perú. (2024). Informe Anual de la Economía Peruana.

Sornarajah, M. (2010). The International Law on Foreign Investment (3° Ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Wilson, J. (2013). Governing Global Trade: APEC and the New Regionalism in Asia-Pacific. Palgrave Macmillan.

Woolcock, S. (2014). European Union Economic Diplomacy: The Role of the EU in External Economic Relations.

World Bank. (2022). The Impact of Technology on Foreign Direct The Impact of Technology on Foreign Direct Investment and Security.

World Economic Forum. (2021). The Global Competitiveness Report 2021.

World Economic Forum. (2024, 1° de marzo). Cybersecurity and AI: Navigating the Risks and Opportunities. The European Sting. https://europeansting.com/2024/03/01/ai-and-cybersecurity-navigating-the-risks-and-opportunities/

Xi, J. (2017). The Governance of China. República Popular China.

Yoshimatsu, H. (2006). The Politics of Free Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific: Trade Policy, Economic Interests, and Regional Integration. Keio University Press.

Zeng, J. (2021). China's AI Governance: Balancing National Security and Privacy. University of Peking Press.

Zuboff, S. (2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. Public Affairs.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-11

How to Cite

Sánchez Chumpitaz, D. S., & Asmat Caro, G. L. (2024). Foreign Investment in Artificial Intelligence for Security in Peru: An Analysis from APEC 2024. International Politics, (136), 114–136. Retrieved from https://revista.adp.edu.pe/index.php/RPI/article/view/173

Issue

No. 136 (2024): International Politics Magazine 136 - July-December 2024

Section

Artículos

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Diego Sebastián Sánchez Chumpitaz, Grecia Asmat Caro

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.