La respuesta de APEC a los desafíos globales: Cooperación multilateral en tiempos de incertidumbre
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61249/pi.vi136.169Palabras clave:
Global Risks Report 2024, cambio climático, demografía, transformación tecnológica, tensiones geopolíticas, APEC, compromisos políticos, cooperación internacionalResumen
El sistema internacional enfrenta una transformación significativa impulsada por factores económicos, políticos, conflictos regionales y avances tecnológicos, que han alterado el equilibrio de poder y planteado nuevos desafíos. El Global Risks Report 2024 del Foro Económico Mundial identifica cuatro desafíos clave: cambio climático, demografía, tecnología y la dinámica del poder global, que influyen en el desarrollo económico y social, y moldearán el panorama global en los próximos años.
Este artículo analiza el papel del Foro de Cooperación Económica Asia-Pacífico (APEC) en la formulación de estrategias colectivas para enfrentar estos retos, destacando su contribución a la estabilidad económica y la gobernanza global a través de la adopción de instrumentos y compromisos internacionales, la implementación de acciones concretas, y el fortalecimiento de la cooperación tanto regional como global, en un contexto marcado por la incertidumbre.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Jose Emilio Vega Centeno Gamarra
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